Programming Languages Catalog

A comprehensive collection of major programming languages with their features, use cases, and learning resources.

NoLanguageFeaturesTrendOfficial PageTIOBEPYPLGitHubRedMonkIEEE SpectrumJetBrains
1PythonA general-purpose programming language with simple and readable syntax. Widely used in data analysis, machine learning, web development, and automation.Rapidly growing due to AI/ML boom. Continues as the most popular language in 2025.Python Official Site114212
2JavaScriptThe standard programming language for web development. Used for creating dynamic content in browsers and server-side development with Node.js.Maintains stable popularity as essential language for web development. Widely used from frontend to backend.JavaScript Official Site632131
3JavaObject-oriented programming language with 'write once, run anywhere' philosophy. Widely used in enterprise development and Android app development.Maintains stable position as core language for enterprise systems. Continues to be used in Android app development.Java Official Site428325
4CSSStylesheet language for defining the style and layout of web pages. Used with HTML to control the appearance of websites.Continuous demand as essential technology for web development. New approaches like CSS-in-JS and Tailwind are emerging.CSS Official Site--37-3
5HTMLMarkup language for describing the structure and content of web pages. Fundamental technology for all websites.Indispensable as foundational technology for web development. Enhanced expressiveness with HTML5 features.HTML Official Site--1-103
6C++Object-oriented programming language that extends C. Used in high-performance system development and game development.Continuous demand in high-performance computing and system programming. Development efficiency improved with modern C++ features.C++ Official Site249748
7C#Object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft. Used with .NET Framework for Windows/Web/game development.Stable popularity in Microsoft ecosystem development. Cross-platform support advancing with .NET Core.C# Official Site5515579
8CProcedural programming language fundamental to system programming. Used for OS, embedded systems, and high-performance application development.Continuously important in system programming and embedded development. Maintains influence as foundation for many languages.C Official Site341010910
9ShellScripting language for command-line operations and automation scripts on Unix-like OS. Important for system administration and CI/CD.Increasing demand due to DevOps and cloud environment adoption. Used as basic tool for automation scripts.---514147
10PHPServer-side scripting language specialized for web development. Widely used in CMS like WordPress and web application development.Stable demand due to long track record in web development. Development efficiency improved with modern frameworks like Laravel.PHP Official Site1571441312
11TypeScriptProgramming language developed by Microsoft that adds static typing to JavaScript. Used for large-scale JavaScript application development.Rapidly spreading as language that enhances JavaScript type safety. Increasing adoption in React, Angular, and Node.js projects.TypeScript Official Site3796656
12GoSimple and high-performance programming language developed by Google. Popular for microservices, cloud applications, and DevOps tool development.Growing due to cloud-native development and microservices architecture adoption. Used in important tools like Docker and Kubernetes.Go Official Site7122012811
13RustSystems programming language that combines memory safety with high performance. Gaining attention as C/C++ alternative and used in WebAssembly development.Growing due to interest in memory safety in systems programming. Beginning to be adopted in Linux kernel development.Rust Official Site18825191114
14KotlinProgramming language developed by JetBrains that runs on JVM. Officially adopted as Java alternative for Android app development and used in server-side development.Rapid growth due to official language status for Android app development. Migration from Java projects advancing due to Java interoperability.Kotlin Official Site231319141713
15RProgramming language specialized for statistical computing and data analysis. Widely used in data science, machine learning, and statistical modeling.Stable popularity due to demand in data science field. Competes with Python but maintains specialization in statistics.R Official Site146341220-
16RubyObject-oriented scripting language developed in Japan. Gained popularity in web development through Ruby on Rails framework.Gained significant popularity for rapid web development with Ruby on Rails. Currently in stable period but community remains active.Ruby Official Site24171891818
17SwiftModern programming language developed by Apple for iOS/macOS app development. Designed as successor to Objective-C with emphasis on safety and performance.Established as standard language for iOS app development. UI development efficiency improved with Swift UI introduction.Swift Official Site251122112116
18Visual BasicEvent-driven programming language developed by Microsoft. Widely used for Windows GUI application development.Mainly used in legacy systems. Trend toward migration to successor languages like C# for new development.Visual Basic Official Site824--28-
19DartProgramming language developed by Google. Used with Flutter framework for cross-platform mobile app development.Growing in mobile app development due to Flutter adoption. Enables both iOS/Android support with single codebase.Dart Official Site281627191915
20LuaLightweight and fast embedded scripting language. Used in game development, embedded systems, and configuration scripts.Stable demand as embedded script in gaming industry. Increasing use in IoT devices leveraging its lightweight nature.Lua Official Site301926-1517
21Objective-CLanguage that adds Smalltalk-style object-oriented features to C. Long used for iOS/macOS app development but migrating to Swift.New adoption decreasing due to Swift introduction. Demand mainly for maintaining existing projects.Objective-C Official Site341021172720
22PerlDynamic programming language strong in text processing. Used in system administration, web development, and bioinformatics.New adoption declining but demand continues in existing systems. Maintains specialization in regex and string processing.Perl Official Site132933-25-
23PowerShellObject-oriented command-line shell and scripting language developed by Microsoft. Used for system administration on Windows/Linux/macOS.Expanding use on Linux/macOS due to cross-platform support. Increasing demand in DevOps and cloud management.PowerShell Official Site44182318--
24MATLABProgramming environment for numerical computing and data visualization developed by MathWorks. Widely used in engineering, science, and finance.Stable position as specialized tool in academic research and engineering. Competes with Python but maintains strengths in specific fields.MATLAB Official Site171451-24-
25AssemblyLow-level programming language closest to machine code. Used in embedded systems, OS development, and scenarios requiring advanced optimization.Continues demand for specialized uses. Maintains certain needs due to IoT and embedded systems proliferation.-19-29-33-
26ScalaJVM language that combines functional programming with object-oriented programming. Used in big data processing and distributed systems development.Certain demand due to adoption in big data field with Apache Spark etc. High learning cost is challenge for widespread adoption.Scala Official Site312270142219
27GroovyDynamic programming language that runs on Java Virtual Machine. Used in Gradle build tool and test automation.Familiar to Android developers due to Gradle adoption. Stable demand as scripting language.Groovy Official Site-2761-26-
28SoliditySpecialized programming language for developing smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain.Increasing demand alongside cryptocurrency and blockchain industry growth. Essential skill for DeFi and NFT projects.Solidity Official Site41-53-23-
29JuliaHigh-performance programming language specialized for scientific and numerical computing. Developed to achieve Python-like simplicity with C-like speed.Gaining attention as Python/R alternative in scientific computing. Increasing adoption in machine learning and numerical simulation fields.Julia Official Site332378-32-
30HaskellPure functional programming language. Emphasizes mathematical beauty and theoretical rigor, used in academic research and high-reliability system development.Demand for learning functional programming paradigm and research purposes. Commercial use limited but core community exists.Haskell Official Site292875---

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